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Metro Manila

This article is about the capital region of the Philippines. For the capital city, see Manila. For other uses, see Manila (disambiguation).
Metro Manila
Kalakhang Maynila
Kamaynilaan
Metropolitan area and region
National Capital Region
Makati CBD
Makati Central Business District
Fort Santiago
Fort Santiago
Rizal Park known as Luneta Park
Rizal Park
Quezon Memorial Shrine
Quezon Memorial Shrine
Ortigas Center at night
Ortigas Center
National Museum of Fine Arts
National Museum of Fine Arts
Tanghalang Pambansa
Tanghalang Pambansa
Motto: 
Dangal nitong Bayan!
Location in the Philippines
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Map
Coordinates: 14°35′N 121°00′E / 14.58°N 121°E / 14.58; 121
Country Philippines
IslandLuzon
Managing entityMetropolitan Manila Development Authority
EstablishedNovember 7, 1975[1] (as a metropolitan area)
January 23, 1976 (as a region)[2]
June 2, 1978[3] (as the NCR)
Composed of
16 cities and
1 municipality
Government
 • TypeMetropolitan government under decentralized framework[4]
 • BodyMetropolitan Manila Development Authority
 • MMDA ChairmanRomando Artes (acting)
 • Metro Manila Council ChairmanFrancis Zamora
Area
 • Region636.00 km2 (245.56 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)[5]
 • Region13,484,462
 • Density21,202/km2 (54,910/sq mi)
 • Metro
[6]
26,700,000
Demonym(s)English: Manilan, Manileño;
Spanish: manilense,[a] manileño(-a)
Filipino: Manileño(-a), Manilenyo(-a), Taga-Maynila
GDP (nominal)
 • Region$136.12 billion (2023)[7]
 • Per capita$9,544 (2023)[7]
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
IDD : area code +63 (0)2
ISO 3166 codePH-00
Languages
HDIIncrease 0.85 (Very high)[8]
HDI rank2nd (2019)
Websitemmda.gov.ph Edit this at Wikidata
  1. ^ This is the original Spanish, even used by José Rizal in El filibusterismo.

Metropolitan Manila[1] (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila), commonly shortened to Metro Manila[a] and formally the National Capital Region (NCR;[3] Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon),[11] is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of the Philippines. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay, the region lies between the Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions. Encompassing an area of 619.57 km2 (239.22 sq mi) and with a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020,[5] it is composed of sixteen highly urbanized cities: the capital city, Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, along with one independent municipality, Pateros. As the second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines, it ranks as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 6th most populous urban area in the world.

The region is the center of culture (including arts and entertainment), economy, education and government of the Philippines. Designated as a global power city, the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines.[12] Greater Manila is the fourth largest ASEAN country subdivision by GDP after Singapore, Jakarta and Bangkok.

In 1975, in response to the need to sustain and provide integrated services to the growing population, the built-up area centered on Manila was formally recognized as a metropolitan area through Presidential Decree No. 824.[1] A year later, Presidential Decree No. 879 established Metro Manila as an administrative region, retaining its earlier status as a metropolis, and was designated as Region IV, with the remainder of the Southern Tagalog region being designated as Region IV-A.[2] Finally, in 1978, Metro Manila became the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, discontinuing its numerical designation and reverting it to Southern Tagalog.[3]

  1. ^ a b c Presidential Decree No. 824 (7 November 1975), Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes, Supreme Court E-Library, archived from the original on July 10, 2023, retrieved July 10, 2023
  2. ^ a b Presidential Decree No. 879 (23 January 1976), Dividing Region No. 4 of the Administrative Field Organization of the Various Departments and Agencies of the Government Into Region No. 4 and 4-A, The Official Gazette, archived from the original on May 16, 2023, retrieved May 16, 2023
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference PD1396 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Manasan, Rosario; Mercado, Ruben (February 1999). "Governance and Urban Development: Case Study of Metro Manila" (PDF). Philippine Institute for Development Studies Discussion Paper Series (99–03). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  5. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  6. ^ "The Principal Agglomerations of the World". citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  7. ^ a b "2021 to 2023 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
  8. ^ "Gender and Special Population Groups; Provincial Human Development Index". Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  9. ^ "Manila" (PDF). Cities. 72: 17–33. 2018. ISSN 0264-2751 – via ScienceDirect. Although the term Manila is typically used to describe Metro Manila, the City of Manila refers to the historic core of the built-up area that presently extends over 1400 km2.
  10. ^ Palma, Klaudine (March 1, 2022). "City of Manila: What is old is new again". Colliers. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  11. ^ "Mapa ng mga Wika (Rehiyon) - National Capital Region". Commission on the Filipino Language. Archived from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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